brief historical development of computer up to date
The development and history of today's computer systems is the result of the continuous search for tools that enable humans to meet their computing and data processing needs.
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| Source: pixabay |
| Classifies computers into five generations |
Describe the strengths and weaknesses of each computer generation.
Abacus
The abacus was an early computing device used in 500 BC. in China. An abacus consists of pebbles or beads strung on a string attached to a frame
Different columns of beads have different powers of ten values, starting at 1, 10, 100, and 1000. Etc. Measurements are registered on the right. The abacus can do addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. Counting beads are pushed out along the wire.
Jobn Napier (1550-1617)
The Napier staff or bone was developed in 1617 by the Scotsman John Napier. He developed a table of logarithms that made it easy to calculate multiplication and division of large numbers. This table reduces multiplication and division to addition and subtraction.
Wilam Oughtred (1574-1660; English)
He invented in his 1620s the analog device, the slide rule. Using the same principle as the Napier logarithm, slide rules can be used to quickly perform mathematical calculations.
Blasé Pascal (Preneh, 1623- 1662)
1642, aged 19. He introduced the first digital calculator at his father's tax office in France to support addition and subtraction of vertical figures.
Pascaline, as he called it, consists of a multitude of rotating gears or gears, each with his ten teeth. The first gear counts in units, the second gear counts in 10's, and the third gear counts in 100's. The device had the ability to transfer numbers to the next gear. It was the first mechanical calculator capable of addition and subtraction of whole numbers.
In honor of Pascal's work on the addition calculator, his programming language (Pascal s) was later named after him by Professor Niklauswirth of Zurich.
Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz (Germany, 1646-1716) invented a more sophisticated mechanical calculator that not only added and subtracted, but also multiplied and divided. This was known as his Stepped Reckoner in 1801. 1792 - IN7)
In 1822, the principle of mapping was first used in mathematical operations by an English mathematician named Charles Babbage, Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge University. He developed a "difference engine" used to calculate and print mathematical tables. The difference engine was a steam-powered calculator. In 1835 he changed this to the "parsing engine", which included his components of the computer such as memory, arithmetic and logic units, input devices, in which instructions were encoded and stamped. With this work, Babbage is known today as the father of computers.
First Programmer (Lady Augusta Ada Lovelace, English: 1815-1852)
Lady Augusta. Countess Lovelace was an English mathematician and friend of To Babbage. She documented Babbage's work in the form of instructions (programs) in "Mr. Babbage's Observations on the Analysis Engine! She Presented Supporting Materials for the Analysis Engine," along with instructions for running the engine. . She also convinced Babbage to use her binary system in the Analysis Engine, but this was never completed. So she became the first female programmer.
George Shuots and his son Edward (Sweden, 1785-1875) finished his work on Babbage in 1833 and this machine was used by the British government to calculate tables of expected values.
That machine won the first computer award.
FIRST DATA HIS PROCESSOR
In 1887, Dr. Hollerith, an American statistician, created an electric machine capable of recording, calculating and tabulating census data. The card was used for data input and the machine sorted the punched card as output. This machine was used to process information for the 1890 US Census. It was the first machine to use electricity and the first to use punch cards to count, edit and analyze data.
Hollerith founded the Aggregating Machinery Company, which was computerized in 1896. This company he merged with several others in 1911 to form the Computing-Tabulating-Recording (CTR) Company. In 1924, CTR changed its name to IBM (International Business Machine).
During the 1900s and early 1930s, important advances in the development of modern computers and the use of punch his card his machines occurred. Punch card capacity increased significantly, with 80 and 90 columns of information being used. This allowed us to maximize our record keeping and accounting functions. Punch Card's
Power Stage gave birth to the idea of combining different operations in one device. As a result, Professor Aiken of Harvard University said that from 1959 until 1944 he worked with his team of engineers at IBM, after which he built his Automated Sequence Controller Computer (ASCC), commonly known as his Mark I. Developed.
Around the same time. In 1959, John Y. Atanasoff, along with his graduate student Clifford Berry, developed vacuum tube computing, his device special developed an electronic computer.
This computer was called the Atanasoff-Bery Computer. ABC
The Origins of Modern Computers
It was in 1946 that the modern computer was actually invented. His two American professors at the University of Pennsylvania, J. Presper and John W. Mauchly Eckett, invented the first computer called the ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator). This is a general purpose electronic digital computer capable of 5,000 additions per second. Designed for defense purposes, it has 19,000 tubes.
Five years later, a man named von Neumann improved his invention and named it EDSAC (Electronic Delayed Storage Automatic Computer). Cards or punched tape, but from instructional bricks to computer memory.
At this stage of development, the machine was based on vacuum tubes and valves.
Different columns of beads have different powers of ten values, starting at 1, 10, 100, and 1000. Etc. Measurements are registered on the right. The abacus can do addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. Counting beads are pushed out along the wire.
Jobn Napier (1550-1617)
The Napier staff or bone was developed in 1617 by the Scotsman John Napier. He developed a table of logarithms that made it easy to calculate multiplication and division of large numbers. This table reduces multiplication and division to addition and subtraction.
Wilam Oughtred (1574-1660; English)
He invented in his 1620s the analog device, the slide rule. Using the same principle as the Napier logarithm, slide rules can be used to quickly perform mathematical calculations.
Blasé Pascal (Preneh, 1623- 1662)
1642, aged 19. He introduced the first digital calculator at his father's tax office in France to support addition and subtraction of vertical figures.
Pascaline, as he called it, consists of a multitude of rotating gears or gears, each with his ten teeth. The first gear counts in units, the second gear counts in 10's, and the third gear counts in 100's. The device had the ability to transfer numbers to the next gear. It was the first mechanical calculator capable of addition and subtraction of whole numbers.
In honor of Pascal's work on the addition calculator, his programming language (Pascal s) was later named after him by Professor Niklauswirth of Zurich.
Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz (Germany, 1646-1716) invented a more sophisticated mechanical calculator that not only added and subtracted, but also multiplied and divided. This was known as his Stepped Reckoner in 1801. 1792 - IN7)
In 1822, the principle of mapping was first used in mathematical operations by an English mathematician named Charles Babbage, Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge University. He developed a "difference engine" used to calculate and print mathematical tables. The difference engine was a steam-powered calculator. In 1835 he changed this to the "parsing engine", which included his components of the computer such as memory, arithmetic and logic units, input devices, in which instructions were encoded and stamped. With this work, Babbage is known today as the father of computers.
First Programmer (Lady Augusta Ada Lovelace, English: 1815-1852)
Lady Augusta. Countess Lovelace was an English mathematician and friend of To Babbage. She documented Babbage's work in the form of instructions (programs) in "Mr. Babbage's Observations on the Analysis Engine! She Presented Supporting Materials for the Analysis Engine," along with instructions for running the engine. . She also convinced Babbage to use her binary system in the Analysis Engine, but this was never completed. So she became the first female programmer.
George Shuots and his son Edward (Sweden, 1785-1875) finished his work on Babbage in 1833 and this machine was used by the British government to calculate tables of expected values.
That machine won the first computer award.
FIRST DATA HIS PROCESSOR
In 1887, Dr. Hollerith, an American statistician, created an electric machine capable of recording, calculating and tabulating census data. The card was used for data input and the machine sorted the punched card as output. This machine was used to process information for the 1890 US Census. It was the first machine to use electricity and the first to use punch cards to count, edit and analyze data.
Hollerith founded the Aggregating Machinery Company, which was computerized in 1896. This company he merged with several others in 1911 to form the Computing-Tabulating-Recording (CTR) Company. In 1924, CTR changed its name to IBM (International Business Machine).
During the 1900s and early 1930s, important advances in the development of modern computers and the use of punch his card his machines occurred. Punch card capacity increased significantly, with 80 and 90 columns of information being used. This allowed us to maximize our record keeping and accounting functions. Punch Card's
Power Stage gave birth to the idea of combining different operations in one device. As a result, Professor Aiken of Harvard University said that from 1959 until 1944 he worked with his team of engineers at IBM, after which he built his Automated Sequence Controller Computer (ASCC), commonly known as his Mark I. Developed.
Around the same time. In 1959, John Y. Atanasoff, along with his graduate student Clifford Berry, developed vacuum tube computing, his device special developed an electronic computer.
This computer was called the Atanasoff-Bery Computer. ABC
The Origins of Modern Computers
It was in 1946 that the modern computer was actually invented. His two American professors at the University of Pennsylvania, J. Presper and John W. Mauchly Eckett, invented the first computer called the ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator). This is a general purpose electronic digital computer capable of 5,000 additions per second. Designed for defense purposes, it has 19,000 tubes.
Five years later, a man named von Neumann improved his invention and named it EDSAC (Electronic Delayed Storage Automatic Computer). Cards or punched tape, but from instructional bricks to computer memory.
At this stage of development, the machine was based on vacuum tubes and valves.