Briefly Explain The Generation Of Computer

 briefly explain the generations of computers

Source: pixabay 

1ST GENERATION (1945-1959)

This includes the computer set built during (1945-1959). They used electronic valves (vacuum tubes) in their circuits. These include his UNIVAC by Eckett and Mauchly and one developed by Burrough at IBM. Honeywell and Radio Corporation of America.

They had some serious drawbacks: This made them very bulky, very slow, and very expensive to purchase. did.

These computers include IBM 630, IBM 701 and COLLOSSUS.
In general
Slow
Very large for sS12
Very little memory
Was inflexible
High failure rate
Needed a serious air conditioner
Expensive

Second generation (1960–1965 )

These generations existed from (1960–1965).They used transistors instead of vacuum tubes. They were smaller and faster than the former. It is also more reliable and generates less heat. They used English as their computer language (high-level languages ​​such as "COBOL" and "FORTRAN")

Built-in error detection and correction devices were introduced Support for fast printers and readers was enabled Online data processing

INPUT and OUTPUT - by magnetic tape
These existed as; IBM 7000, 7070, 7090 series, Leo Mark III & Atlas

3rd GENERATION (1966 - 1975)

Earlier in 1958, Kilby S. invented the Integrated circuit which is a series of interconnected amplifying devices, transistors, resistors and capacitors; all imprinted on a silicon chip.

Also in 1965, Douglas Englebart invented the mouse that can reposition a cursor on a computer screen and allows information to be fed to the computer.

All these led to the development of the 3rd generation computers which existed between 1966 and 1971

Thus, they have the following characteristics:

They used Integrated Circuit in place of transistors and these ushered in Computer System with small size and high capability of components which create room for more expansion.
This generation marked the beginning of keyboard for INPUT and Video Display Unit (Monitor) for Output
Generally there was
Increased in processing speed
Increased accuracy
Decrease in price
Less heat
Reduction in size
Real-time Processing
Use or data-Communication devices to transfer data at high speed between computers
Optical Scanning and MlCR became widely used education and Banking.
multiprocessing capabilities
timeshare support. Devices and Random Devices
Effective Use of I/O and Random Access Devices
Examples: IBM 360 Series, CDC 6600 and ICL 1900

4th Generation: (1975-1990): (Microprocessor Era

They Using a very large microprocessor integrated circuit (VLSI), where INPUT and OUTPUT were implemented
User-friendly and interactive menu drivers and intelligent software system were introduced
Faster memory and larger Capacity storage has been promoted.
Major breakthroughs are pipelining and parallelism.
All of these features have made computers more powerful, cheaper, more reliable, and more portable.

Fifth Generation (1990 -?):

Today's State of the Art
Systems in these categories deal primarily with knowledge-based processing.

This has to do with artificial intelligence, where systems can perform the functions of human experts and solve problems that require human intelligence. judgment and experience.

This is how the fifth generation computer learns